Hi Tyrus!
What great questions! I also think its amazing that you are so open to exploring your spirituality and thinking about what astrology could mean to you. Yes, I am biased in that I really love astrology as a spiritual practice, so I hope you continue to explore and find the answers that are right for you.
There is an astrology stream called "psychological astrology" that is covered under "non-predictive astrology". This largely grew out the work of Dane Rudhyar, who saw the chart as a "blueprint of the psyche" and was very influenced by the work of Carl Jung. The school of esoteric astrology, and the work of such people within that school like Alan Leo and Alice Baily, focus on the evolution of the soul and the assertion of free will, and though very psychological, does work on the assumption of past and future lives.
If it interests you, you might be interested to read a paper I wrote on how astrology grew into its dominant psychological stream today, the historical and cultural significance and context, at this link here. Now I will warn, it was originally an academic paper, so had to be writen with a tone and style that honored the space I was in:
http://www.nadiyashah.com/57.html
As far as Christian astrologers, I have loved the work of people like Marcilio Facino, a renaissance priest and astrologer, and the work of William lilly. Lilly in particular wrote extensively on his philosophical understanding of astrology as a Christian. He wrote a series of volumns under the title "
Christian Astrology " and it may be worth a read. You can visit this excellent website and scrool down to download his texts free online here:
http://www.skyscript.co.uk/texts.html
I know that's a lot of stuff to read, but you asked great questions!
*N.
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